Resources

Smith, Virginia Whatley. “The Harlem Renaissance and Its Blue-Jazz Traditions: Harlem and Its Places of Entertainment.” Obsidian II, vol. 11, no. 1/2, 1996, pp. 21–60. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/44502721. 

 

“The African Americanization of Hip-Hop.” Filipinos Represent: DJs, Racial Authenticity, and the Hip-Hop Nation, by Antonio T. Tiongson, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis; London, 2013, pp. 1–16. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt46npzx.5.

“Claiming Hip Hop: Race and the Ethics of Underground Hip Hop Participation.” Hip Hop Underground: The Integrity and Ethics of Racial Identification, by Anthony Kwame Harrison, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 2009, pp. 83–119. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14bt9fr.6. 

 

Belle, Crystal. “From Jay-Z to Dead Prez: Examining Representations of Black Masculinity in Mainstream Versus Underground Hip-Hop Music.” Journal of Black Studies, vol. 45, no. 4, 2014, pp. 287–300., www.jstor.org/stable/24572849. 

 

(Vanity fair article by Steven Daley. October 10, 2006) https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2005/11/hiphop200511 

 

Howland, John. “‘The Blues Get Glorified’: Harlem Entertainment, Negro Nuances, and Black Symphonic Jazz.” The Musical Quarterly, vol. 90, no. 3/4, 2007, pp. 319–370. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25172877. Accessed 30 Apr. 2020.

 

“‘Harlem Jazzing’: Claude McKay, Home to Harlem, and Jazz Internationalism.” Jazz Internationalism: Literary Afro-Modernism and the Cultural Politics of Black Music, by JOHN LOWNEY, University of Illinois Press, Urbana; Chicago; Springfield, 2017, pp. 27–58. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt1w6tfr1.5. Accessed 30 Apr. 2020.

 

(Article by Elizabeth Winter. December 16, 2007) https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/cotton-club-harlem-1923/

 

(Article by Ed Kopp. August 16th, 2005) https://www.allaboutjazz.com/a-brief-history-of-the-blues-by-ed-kopp.php

 

Article by Mike Oppenheim. March 3rd, 2013) https://www.allaboutjazz.com/the-harlem-renaissance-and-american-music-by-mike-oppenheim.php